Royc5qck4fn.php - The code editor lets you write and practice different types of computer languages. It includes PHP, but you can use it for other languages too. New languages are added all the time: Learn More If you don't know PHP, we suggest that you read our PHP Tutorial from scratch. Easy Package Management

 
PHP Resource. The special resource type is not an actual data type. It is the storing of a reference to functions and resources external to PHP. A common example of using the resource data type is a database call. We will not talk about the resource type here, since it is an advanced topic. . H.m. huskilson

There are two string operators. The first is the concatenation operator ('.'), which returns the concatenation of its right and left arguments. The second is the concatenating assignment operator (' .= '), which appends the argument on the right side to the argument on the left side. Please read Assignment Operators for more information.Click on the URL button, Enter URL and Submit. This tool supports loading the PHP File to beautify. Click on the Upload button and select File. It beautify pure PHP framework file such as Laravel, CodeIgniter, YII, CakePHP, Symfony and many more one file at a time. PHP Source Code Beautifier Online works well on Windows, MAC, Linux, Chrome ...The main PHP configuration file is well-documented and located at /etc/php/php.ini . It is recommended to set your timezone ( list of timezones) in /etc/php/php.ini like so: date.timezone = Europe/Berlin. If you want to display errors to debug your PHP code, change display_errors to On in /etc/php/php.ini:According to w3techs, PHP is still used in 78.1% websites (with the caveat of "websites where they were able to detect the server technology"). Node.js is currently "popular", and 5-10 years ago Ruby was the "hot new thing". But PHP is the COBOL of the web - it'll never die. But unlike COBOL, PHP is continuing to evolve, grow, and get better.Jan 14, 2021 · If you have permission to SSH into the remote server, use the command line to check the installed PHP version. This method is also useful for checking the PHP version installed locally. 1. Type the PHP command: php -v. 2. The php -v command works on Linux, macOS, Windows, and other supported systems. Its output contains the PHP version number ... Jul 24, 2023 · Configure PHP.ini to display all errors. If adding some of the PHP code errors doesn’t show in the browser during testing, then the PHP ini configuration has some additional directives to handle this. display_errors = on. The display_errors directive must be set to “on” in the PHP ini file. A comment in PHP code is a line that is not executed as a part of the program. Its only purpose is to be read by someone who is looking at the code. Comments can be used to: Let others understand your code. Remind yourself of what you did - Most programmers have experienced coming back to their own work a year or two later and having to re ...Aug 1, 2023 · Relating to the mb_ucwords() function posted by Anonymous. In order for this to actually be multi-byte compliant, you would also need to use mb_substr() and mb_strlen() instead of substr and strlen respectively. After a database and a table have been created, we can start adding data in them. The INSERT INTO statement is used to add new records to a MySQL table: INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2, column3,...) VALUES (value1, value2, value3,...) To learn more about SQL, please visit our SQL tutorial. PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor. popular general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited to web development. Fast, flexible and pragmatic, PHP powers everything from your blog to the most popular websites in the world. What's new in 8.2 Download. 8.2.10 · Changelog · Upgrading. May 29, 2023 · PHP frameworks offer several benefits, making them a compelling choice for web developers. Firstly, PHP frameworks offer a structured approach to development with pre-built components, streamlining the process, accelerating project completion, and enhancing productivity. Secondly, using a PHP framework can contribute to cost savings. However, PHP Manual is not listed "(" and ")" in precedence list. It looks like "(" and ")" has higher precedence as it should be. Note: If you write following code, you would need "()" to get expected value.The double arrow operator, =>, is used as an access mechanism for arrays. This means that what is on the left side of it will have a corresponding value of what is on the right side of it in array context. This can be used to set values of any acceptable type into a corresponding index of an array. The index can be associative (string based) or ...Create an Array in PHP. In PHP, the array () function is used to create an array: array (); In PHP, there are three types of arrays: Indexed arrays - Arrays with a numeric index. Associative arrays - Arrays with named keys. Multidimensional arrays - Arrays containing one or more arrays.PHP is an open-source, interpreted, and object-oriented scripting language that can be executed at the server-side. PHP is well suited for web development. Therefore, it is used to develop web applications (an application that executes on the server and generates the dynamic page.). PHP was created by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1994 but appeared in the ...PHP Variables. A variable can have a short name (like x and y) or a more descriptive name (age, carname, total_volume). A variable starts with the $ sign, followed by the name of the variable. A variable name must start with a letter or the underscore character. A variable name can only contain alpha-numeric characters and underscores (A-z, 0-9 ... Aug 2, 2010 · This package was approved as a trusted package on 30 Aug 2023. Description. PHP is an HTML-embedded scripting language. Much of its syntax is borrowed from C, Java and Perl with a couple of unique PHP-specific features thrown in. The goal of the language is to allow web developers to write dynamically generated pages quickly. PHP $_GET. PHP $_GET is a PHP super global variable which is used to collect form data after submitting an HTML form with method="get". $_GET can also collect data sent in the URL. Assume we have an HTML page that contains a hyperlink with parameters:Feb 6, 2010 · This is not what PHP references are. Instead, all PHP variables are actually references to an internal type called a zval. You cannot directly manipulate zvals in PHP, and nor can you make extra layers of indirection - every variable is a reference to a zval, and that's it. (See caveat: objects below.) PHP can create, open, read, write, delete, and close files on the server. PHP can collect form data. PHP can send and receive cookies. PHP can add, delete, modify data in your database. PHP can be used to control user-access. PHP can encrypt data. With PHP you are not limited to output HTML. You can output images or PDF files.Jul 24, 2023 · Configure PHP.ini to display all errors. If adding some of the PHP code errors doesn’t show in the browser during testing, then the PHP ini configuration has some additional directives to handle this. display_errors = on. The display_errors directive must be set to “on” in the PHP ini file. Configure PHP.ini to display all errors. If adding some of the PHP code errors doesn’t show in the browser during testing, then the PHP ini configuration has some additional directives to handle this. display_errors = on. The display_errors directive must be set to “on” in the PHP ini file.Aug 1, 2023 · Here's how to run dual PHP instances with PHP 5.2 and any previous PHP on Windows 2003: 1. Right-click My Computer, go to Advanced tab, and click on Environment Variables. Add the two installations and their EXT directories to the Path variable. For example, add: c:\php;c:\php\ext;c:\TMAS\php;c:\tmas\php\ext; Aug 1, 2023 · Here's how to run dual PHP instances with PHP 5.2 and any previous PHP on Windows 2003: 1. Right-click My Computer, go to Advanced tab, and click on Environment Variables. Add the two installations and their EXT directories to the Path variable. For example, add: c:\php;c:\php\ext;c:\TMAS\php;c:\tmas\php\ext; I run 'php artisan migrate' command on window 8.1, laravel 7, xamp (php version 7.3.2) . I found some error, my all table did not migrate, how to fix [closed] Illuminate\Database\QueryException SQLSTATE [42S01]: Base table or view already exists: 1050 Table 'users' already exists. I have a CLI screenshot of the error:Since noreturn is a subtype of all other types, a function that could be annotated with noreturn can still safely be annotated with another return type: . function doFoo (): int {throw new \Exception ();}Dec 25, 2013 · 13. Add this line before any output of the body, in the event you aren't using output buffering. header ("HTTP/1.1 200 OK"); Replace the message portion ('OK') with the appropriate message, and the status code with your code as appropriate (404, 501, etc) Share. Improve this answer. Well organized and easy to understand Web building tutorials with lots of examples of how to use HTML, CSS, JavaScript, SQL, Python, PHP, Bootstrap, Java, XML and more.Create an Array in PHP. In PHP, the array () function is used to create an array: array (); In PHP, there are three types of arrays: Indexed arrays - Arrays with a numeric index. Associative arrays - Arrays with named keys. Multidimensional arrays - Arrays containing one or more arrays.PHP is a general-purpose scripting language geared towards web development. It was originally created by Danish-Canadian programmer Rasmus Lerdorf in 1993 and released in 1995. The PHP reference implementation is now produced by the PHP Group.Check PHP Version by Running PHP Code. The simplest method to determine the PHP version running on your website is executing a PHP file that contains the following code: <?php echo 'PHP version: ' . phpversion(); Create the file using a text editor like gedit or Notepad, and upload it to your website’s document root directory.PHP Resource. The special resource type is not an actual data type. It is the storing of a reference to functions and resources external to PHP. A common example of using the resource data type is a database call. We will not talk about the resource type here, since it is an advanced topic.NOTE: The documentation below refers to the Phalcon 5.0.0 installation. Adjust your installation/commands to the version you want to install accordingly. Along with PHP 7.4 or greater, depending on your application needs and the Phalcon components you need, you might need to install the following extensions: curl. fileinfo.The double arrow operator, =>, is used as an access mechanism for arrays. This means that what is on the left side of it will have a corresponding value of what is on the right side of it in array context. This can be used to set values of any acceptable type into a corresponding index of an array. The index can be associative (string based) or ...PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor. popular general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited to web development. Fast, flexible and pragmatic, PHP powers everything from your blog to the most popular websites in the world. What's new in 8.2 Download. 8.2.10 · Changelog · Upgrading. Great if you like your tutorials to the point. 11. Learn-php.org Free Interactive PHP Tutorial. Learn-php.org free interactive PHP tutorial. The unique thing about this PHP tutorial is that it’s a set of interactive exercises that encourage you to try out coding and see if you can get the expected output.The main PHP configuration file is well-documented and located at /etc/php/php.ini . It is recommended to set your timezone ( list of timezones) in /etc/php/php.ini like so: date.timezone = Europe/Berlin. If you want to display errors to debug your PHP code, change display_errors to On in /etc/php/php.ini: Aug 1, 2023 · FastCGI Process Manager (FPM) Installation. Configuration. Installation of PECL extensions. Introduction to PECL Installations. Downloading PECL extensions. Installing a PHP extension on Windows. Compiling shared PECL extensions with the pecl command. Compiling shared PECL extensions with phpize. PHP can create, open, read, write, delete, and close files on the server. PHP can collect form data. PHP can send and receive cookies. PHP can add, delete, modify data in your database. PHP can be used to control user-access. PHP can encrypt data. With PHP you are not limited to output HTML. You can output images or PDF files.A comment in PHP code is a line that is not executed as a part of the program. Its only purpose is to be read by someone who is looking at the code. Comments can be used to: Let others understand your code. Remind yourself of what you did - Most programmers have experienced coming back to their own work a year or two later and having to re ...PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor. popular general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited to web development. Fast, flexible and pragmatic, PHP powers everything from your blog to the most popular websites in the world. What's new in 8.2 Download. 8.2.9 · Changelog · Upgrading. The double arrow operator, =>, is used as an access mechanism for arrays. This means that what is on the left side of it will have a corresponding value of what is on the right side of it in array context. This can be used to set values of any acceptable type into a corresponding index of an array. The index can be associative (string based) or ...event calendar. database backup and restore feature. 6. Ekushey Project Manager CRM. Ekushey is a powerful PHP customer management system and project management system. This PHP CRM script allows you to manage projects, team tasks, and client communication in a single place and in a convenient way.Aug 1, 2023 · It would appear that in php the increment in the left side of the assignment is processed prior to processing the right side of the assignment, whereas in C, neither increment occurs until after the assignment. Great if you like your tutorials to the point. 11. Learn-php.org Free Interactive PHP Tutorial. Learn-php.org free interactive PHP tutorial. The unique thing about this PHP tutorial is that it’s a set of interactive exercises that encourage you to try out coding and see if you can get the expected output.Download Source Code. This photo editing application is one of those elegantly powerful PHP project ideas that blend JavaScript and PHP to produce a web app for users to create beautiful digital artwork. This PHP project also forces you to use object-oriented programming, which is a great way to hone these skills. Aug 1, 2023 · Relating to the mb_ucwords() function posted by Anonymous. In order for this to actually be multi-byte compliant, you would also need to use mb_substr() and mb_strlen() instead of substr and strlen respectively. When PHP encounters an HTTP response code it does not understand, PHP will replace the code with one it knows from the same group. For example "521 Web server is down" is replaced by "500 Internal Server Error". Many other uncommon response codes from other groups 2xx, 3xx, 4xx are handled this way.Aug 1, 2023 · FastCGI Process Manager (FPM) Installation. Configuration. Installation of PECL extensions. Introduction to PECL Installations. Downloading PECL extensions. Installing a PHP extension on Windows. Compiling shared PECL extensions with the pecl command. Compiling shared PECL extensions with phpize. May 10, 2017 · As some people seem to not have been aware of its existence, we’d like to take this opportunity to point out the officially supported remote console tool for use with FiveM. The rcon feature has been developed for and tested with this tool, which can be invoked from both the command line and (on Windows) with an interactive GUI. FastCGI Process Manager (FPM) Installation. Configuration. Installation of PECL extensions. Introduction to PECL Installations. Downloading PECL extensions. Installing a PHP extension on Windows. Compiling shared PECL extensions with the pecl command. Compiling shared PECL extensions with phpize.Php login script is used to provide the authentication for our web pages. the Script executes after submitting the user login button. Login Page Login page should be as follows and works based on session. The main PHP configuration file is well-documented and located at /etc/php/php.ini . It is recommended to set your timezone ( list of timezones) in /etc/php/php.ini like so: date.timezone = Europe/Berlin. If you want to display errors to debug your PHP code, change display_errors to On in /etc/php/php.ini: After a database and a table have been created, we can start adding data in them. The INSERT INTO statement is used to add new records to a MySQL table: INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2, column3,...) VALUES (value1, value2, value3,...) To learn more about SQL, please visit our SQL tutorial. Jul 13, 2023 · PHP Exercises, Practice, Solution: PHP (recursive acronym for PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor) is a widely-used open source general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited for web development and can be embedded into HTML. Where src/ is the directory containing all your PHP code. Then, run the commands to build and run the Docker image: $ docker build -t my-php-app . $ docker run -d --name my-running-app my-php-app. We recommend that you add a php.ini configuration file; see the "Configuration" section for details.PHP - Keep The Values in The Form. To show the values in the input fields after the user hits the submit button, we add a little PHP script inside the value attribute of the following input fields: name, email, and website. In the comment textarea field, we put the script between the <textarea> and </textarea> tags. لغة PHP (والتي هي اختصارٌ تعاودي للعبارة PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor) هي لغةٌ مفتوحة المصدر شائعة الاستخدام لها مجال استخدامٍ عامٍ لكنها تناسب تطوير الويب ودمج لغة HTML معها. الذي يُميّز PHP عن الشيفرات التي ...PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor. popular general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited to web development. Fast, flexible and pragmatic, PHP powers everything from your blog to the most popular websites in the world. What's new in 8.2 Download. 8.2.9 · Changelog · Upgrading.Select Data From a MySQL Database. The SELECT statement is used to select data from one or more tables: SELECT column_name (s) FROM table_name. or we can use the * character to select ALL columns from a table: SELECT * FROM table_name. To learn more about SQL, please visit our SQL tutorial.PHP is a server-side scripting language designed specifically for web development. It is open-source which means it is free to download and use. It is very simple to learn and use. The files have the extension “.php”. Rasmus Lerdorf inspired the first version of PHP and participated in the later versions. It is an interpreted language and ...PHP Exercises, Practice, Solution: PHP (recursive acronym for PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor) is a widely-used open source general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited for web development and can be embedded into HTML.PHP-GTK related documentation is hosted on the PHP-GTK website. Documentation of PEAR and the various packages can be found on a separate server. You can still read a copy of the original PHP/FI 2.0 Manual on our site, which we only host for historical purposes. The same applies to the PHP 3 Manual .Here we would like to show the very basics of PHP in a short, simple tutorial. This text only deals with dynamic web page creation with PHP, though PHP is not only capable of creating web pages. See the section titled What can PHP do for more information. PHP-enabled web pages are treated just like regular HTML pages and you can create and edit ...Php login script is used to provide the authentication for our web pages. the Script executes after submitting the user login button. Login Page Login page should be as follows and works based on session. Basic PHP Syntax. A PHP script can be placed anywhere in the document. The default file extension for PHP files is " .php ". A PHP file normally contains HTML tags, and some PHP scripting code. Below, we have an example of a simple PHP file, with a PHP script that uses a built-in PHP function " echo " to output the text "Hello World!"Jul 13, 2023 · PHP Exercises, Practice, Solution: PHP (recursive acronym for PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor) is a widely-used open source general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited for web development and can be embedded into HTML. PHP is a server-side scripting language designed specifically for web development. It is open-source which means it is free to download and use. It is very simple to learn and use. The files have the extension “.php”. Rasmus Lerdorf inspired the first version of PHP and participated in the later versions. It is an interpreted language and ...Dec 25, 2013 · 13. Add this line before any output of the body, in the event you aren't using output buffering. header ("HTTP/1.1 200 OK"); Replace the message portion ('OK') with the appropriate message, and the status code with your code as appropriate (404, 501, etc) Share. Improve this answer. 7 Min Read. PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) is known as a general-purpose scripting language that can be utilized to create intuitive and dynamic websites. It was among the pioneer server-side language that can be integrated into HTML, making it easier to include functionality to web pages without requiring to call external data.7 Min Read. PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) is known as a general-purpose scripting language that can be utilized to create intuitive and dynamic websites. It was among the pioneer server-side language that can be integrated into HTML, making it easier to include functionality to web pages without requiring to call external data.Nov 29, 2020 · It is the bitwise shift operator. Specifically, the left-shift operator. It takes the left-hand argument and shifts the binary representation to the left by the number of bits specified by the right-hand argument, for example: 1 << 2 = 4. because 1 (decimal) is 1 (binary); left-shift twice makes it 100 which is 4 in decimal. PHP Resource. The special resource type is not an actual data type. It is the storing of a reference to functions and resources external to PHP. A common example of using the resource data type is a database call. We will not talk about the resource type here, since it is an advanced topic. PHP-GTK related documentation is hosted on the PHP-GTK website. Documentation of PEAR and the various packages can be found on a separate server. You can still read a copy of the original PHP/FI 2.0 Manual on our site, which we only host for historical purposes. The same applies to the PHP 3 Manual .Required Knowledge. Before you begin this PHP tutorial, it is necessary that you have a basic understanding and experience of the following: HTML - PHP can be written with HTML, so it's essential. Basic programming knowledge - If you have any traditional programming experience like C, then learning PHP will be very easy for you.PHP is an open-source, interpreted, and object-oriented scripting language that can be executed at the server-side. PHP is well suited for web development. Therefore, it is used to develop web applications (an application that executes on the server and generates the dynamic page.). PHP was created by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1994 but appeared in the ... Online Inventory Management System is a simple web application develop in PHP MySQL database, using JavaScript, HTML, CSS Modal, Ajax, and Bootstrap. This system contain of admin and user, the user is represent as a staff, controlled by admin, and the admin can manage the system like add user, delete, edit and more, the inventory system can ...MySQL is a database system used on the web. MySQL is a database system that runs on a server. MySQL is ideal for both small and large applications. MySQL is very fast, reliable, and easy to use. MySQL uses standard SQL. MySQL compiles on a number of platforms. MySQL is free to download and use. MySQL is developed, distributed, and supported by ... This PHP tutorial, whether you’re a beginner or a professional, our tutorial is designed to provide you with in-depth knowledge of the PHP scripting language. With our PHP tutorial, you’ll learn all the important topics, including control statements, functions, arrays, strings, file handling, form handling, regular expressions, date and ...

Arrays. ¶. An array in PHP is actually an ordered map. A map is a type that associates values to keys. This type is optimized for several different uses; it can be treated as an array, list (vector), hash table (an implementation of a map), dictionary, collection, stack, queue, and probably more. As array values can be other array s, trees and .... 530 752 1011

royc5qck4fn.php

The code editor lets you write and practice different types of computer languages. It includes PHP, but you can use it for other languages too. New languages are added all the time: Learn More If you don't know PHP, we suggest that you read our PHP Tutorial from scratch. Easy Package Management PHP. PHP is a general-purpose scripting language widely used as a server-side language for creating dynamic web pages. Though its reputation is mixed, PHP is still extremely popular and is used in over 75% of all websites where the server-side programming language is known.NOTE: The documentation below refers to the Phalcon 5.0.0 installation. Adjust your installation/commands to the version you want to install accordingly. Along with PHP 7.4 or greater, depending on your application needs and the Phalcon components you need, you might need to install the following extensions: curl. fileinfo.In PHP, the array () function is used to create an array: array (); In PHP, there are three types of arrays: Indexed arrays - Arrays with a numeric index. Associative arrays - Arrays with named keys. Multidimensional arrays - Arrays containing one or more arrays. Here's how to run dual PHP instances with PHP 5.2 and any previous PHP on Windows 2003: 1. Right-click My Computer, go to Advanced tab, and click on Environment Variables. Add the two installations and their EXT directories to the Path variable. For example, add: c:\php;c:\php\ext;c:\TMAS\php;c:\tmas\php\ext;PHP Programs. PHP programs are frequently asked in the interview. These programs can be asked from basics, control statements, array, string, oops, file handling etc. Let's see the list of top PHP programs. 1) Sum of Digits. Write a PHP program to print sum of digits. Input: 23. Output: 5. Input: 624. Output: 12. 2) Even or odd number. Input ...A comment in PHP code is a line that is not executed as a part of the program. Its only purpose is to be read by someone who is looking at the code. Comments can be used to: Let others understand your code. Remind yourself of what you did - Most programmers have experienced coming back to their own work a year or two later and having to re ...PHP is a server-side scripting language designed specifically for web development. It is open-source which means it is free to download and use. It is very simple to learn and use. The files have the extension “.php”. Rasmus Lerdorf inspired the first version of PHP and participated in the later versions. It is an interpreted language and ...Aug 1, 2023 · FastCGI Process Manager (FPM) Installation. Configuration. Installation of PECL extensions. Introduction to PECL Installations. Downloading PECL extensions. Installing a PHP extension on Windows. Compiling shared PECL extensions with the pecl command. Compiling shared PECL extensions with phpize. Select Data From a MySQL Database. The SELECT statement is used to select data from one or more tables: SELECT column_name (s) FROM table_name. or we can use the * character to select ALL columns from a table: SELECT * FROM table_name. To learn more about SQL, please visit our SQL tutorial.Aug 1, 2023 · Here we would like to show the very basics of PHP in a short, simple tutorial. This text only deals with dynamic web page creation with PHP, though PHP is not only capable of creating web pages. See the section titled What can PHP do for more information. PHP-enabled web pages are treated just like regular HTML pages and you can create and edit ... PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor. popular general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited to web development. Fast, flexible and pragmatic, PHP powers everything from your blog to the most popular websites in the world. What's new in 8.2 Download. 8.2.10 · Changelog · Upgrading. 8.1. Release Date 2021-11-25. Version Status Supported. PHP 8.1, released in 2021, brings major new features such as Enums, Fibers, never return type, Intersection Types, readonly properties, and more, while ironing out some of its undesired legacy features by deprecating them.Well organized and easy to understand Web building tutorials with lots of examples of how to use HTML, CSS, JavaScript, SQL, Python, PHP, Bootstrap, Java, XML and more. PHP Conditional Statements. Very often when you write code, you want to perform different actions for different conditions. You can use conditional statements in your code to do this. In PHP we have the following conditional statements: if statement - executes some code if one condition is trueJul 24, 2023 · Configure PHP.ini to display all errors. If adding some of the PHP code errors doesn’t show in the browser during testing, then the PHP ini configuration has some additional directives to handle this. display_errors = on. The display_errors directive must be set to “on” in the PHP ini file. Well organized and easy to understand Web building tutorials with lots of examples of how to use HTML, CSS, JavaScript, SQL, Python, PHP, Bootstrap, Java, XML and more. This is not what PHP references are. Instead, all PHP variables are actually references to an internal type called a zval. You cannot directly manipulate zvals in PHP, and nor can you make extra layers of indirection - every variable is a reference to a zval, and that's it. (See caveat: objects below.)The main PHP configuration file is well-documented and located at /etc/php/php.ini . It is recommended to set your timezone ( list of timezones) in /etc/php/php.ini like so: date.timezone = Europe/Berlin. If you want to display errors to debug your PHP code, change display_errors to On in /etc/php/php.ini: It is the bitwise shift operator. Specifically, the left-shift operator. It takes the left-hand argument and shifts the binary representation to the left by the number of bits specified by the right-hand argument, for example: 1 << 2 = 4. because 1 (decimal) is 1 (binary); left-shift twice makes it 100 which is 4 in decimal..

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